For this reason, most indices, including the Disinformation Resilience Index, only yield a relative measure rather than an absolute measure. Indeed, many components of resilience are hard to assess and an index is only a proximal representation of the actual subject of assessment. The most recent examples of the use of such warfare include the Lisa case in Germany (2016), US presidential elections (2016), activity of Kremlin media and bots during the UK referendum (2016), and the French presidential elections (2017).ĭamarad Volha, Yeliseyeu Andrei Download results Disinformation Resilience IndexĪn index is a way of simplifying the complexity of the resilience phenomenon. Recently, the notion of resilience has been extensively researched and discussed in relation to information warfare, a comprehensive concept incorporating far-reaching varieties of actions, from planned and coordinated information operations in times of war and peace by a wide range of state or state-affiliated and non-state actors to sporadic actions centred on information influence, attempting to affect societal and political processes.

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